about facebook

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is semi-protected due to vandalism.
Facebook, Inc. Facebook.svg
Type Private
Founded Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (February 4, 2004)[1]
Headquarters Palo Alto, California
Dublin, Ireland (international headquarters for Europe, Africa, Middle East)
Seoul, South Korea (international headquarters for Asia)
Key people Mark Zuckerberg, Founder and CEO
Dustin Moskovitz, Co-founder
Sheryl Sandberg, COO
Matt Cohler, VP of Product Management
Chris Hughes, Co-founder
Revenue ▲ 300 million USD (2008 est.)[2]
Employees 900+ [3]
Website Facebook.com
Alexa rank 2[4]
Type of site Social network service
Advertising Banner ads, referral marketing
Registration Required
Available in Afrikaans, Albanian, Arabic, Azeri, Basque, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (simplified), Chinese (Hong Kong), Chinese (Taiwan), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English (UK), English (US), English (Pirate), Esperanto, Estonian, Faroese, Filipino, Finnish, French (Canada), French (France), Galician, Georgian, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Latin, Latvian Lithuanian, Macedonian, Malay, Malayalam, Maltese, Nepali, Norwegian (Bokmål), Norwegian (Nynorsk), Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Europe), Persian, Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Spanish (Castile), Swahili, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese, Welsh
Launched February 2004

Facebook is a global social networking website that is operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc.[1] Users can add friends and send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves. Additionally, users can join networks organized by city, workplace, school, and region. The website's name stems from the colloquial name of books given at the start of the academic year by university administrations with the intention of helping students get to know each other better.

Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook with his college roommates and fellow computer science students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes while he was a student at Harvard University.[5] The website's membership was initially limited to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It later expanded further to include any university student, then high school students, and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and over. The website currently has more than 300 million active users worldwide.[6]

Facebook has met with some controversy. It has been blocked intermittently in several countries including Syria,[7] China[8], Vietnam[9], and Iran.[10] It has also been banned at many places of work to discourage employees from wasting time using the service.[11] Privacy has also been an issue, and it has been compromised several times. Facebook settled a lawsuit regarding claims over source code and intellectual property.[12]

A January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the most used social network by worldwide monthly active users, followed by MySpace.[13]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 History
o 1.1 Facemash
o 1.2 The Facebook
* 2 Financials
* 3 Website
o 3.1 Interface evolution
+ 3.1.1 Facebook Lite
o 3.2 Features
o 3.3 Platform
o 3.4 iPhone app
o 3.5 Facebook on other devices
o 3.6 Downtime and outages
* 4 Reception
o 4.1 Use by courts
o 4.2 Criticism
+ 4.2.1 Children under 13
+ 4.2.2 First local cases
+ 4.2.3 Banned by governments
# 4.2.3.1 Africa and Middle East
# 4.2.3.2 Far East
+ 4.2.4 Beacon
+ 4.2.5 Privacy
+ 4.2.6 Teen suicide and relationships
+ 4.2.7 Pro-mafia groups' case
+ 4.2.8 Phishing
+ 4.2.9 Holocaust denial groups
o 4.3 Lamebook
* 5 Litigation
o 5.1 ConnectU
o 5.2 StudiVZ
o 5.3 Grant Raphael
o 5.4 Adam Guerbuez
o 5.5 Alessandro Del Piero
o 5.6 Jack Thompson
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

History
Facemash
Mark Zuckerberg created Facebook in his Harvard dorm room.

Mark Zuckerberg invented Facemash on October 28, 2003 while attending Harvard as a sophomore. The site represented a Harvard University version of Hot or Not, according to the Harvard Crimson.[14] That night, Zuckerberg was blogging about a girl who had dumped him and trying to think of something to do to get her off his mind:[15][16][17]

I'm a little intoxicated, not gonna lie. So what if it's not even 10 p.m. and it's a Tuesday night? What? The Kirkland [dorm] facebook is open on my desktop and some of these people have pretty horrendous facebook pics. I almost want to put some of these faces next to pictures of farm animals and have people vote on which is more attractive.
—9:48 pm

Yea, it's on. I'm not exactly sure how the farm animals are going to fit into this whole thing (you can't really ever be sure with farm animals . . .), but I like the idea of comparing two people together.
—11:09 pm

Let the hacking begin.
—12:58 am

According to The Harvard Crimson, Facemash "used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the 'hotter' person." To accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into the protected areas of Harvard's computer network and copied the houses' private dormitory ID images.

Harvard at that time did not have a student directory with photos and basic information and the initial site generated 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online.[18] That the initial site mirrored people’s physical community -- with their real identities -- represented the key aspects of what later became Facebook.[19]

"Perhaps Harvard will squelch it for legal reasons without realizing its value as a venture that could possibly be expanded to other schools (maybe even ones with good-looking people ... )," Zuckerberg wrote in his personal blog. "But one thing is certain, and it’s that I’m a jerk for making this site. Oh well. Someone had to do it eventually ... "[20] The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights and violating individual privacy and faced expulsion, but ultimately the charges were dropped.[21]

Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that same semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final by uploading 500 Augustan images to a website, with one image per page along with a comment section.[22] He opened the site up to his classmates and people started sharing their notes. "The professor said it had the best grades of any final he’d ever given. This was my first social hack. With Facebook, I wanted to make something that would make Harvard (and more open that) more open," Zuckerberg said in a TechCrunch interview.
The Facebook
The Facebook on February 12, 2004

The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website in January 2004. He was inspired, he said, by an editorial in The Harvard Crimson about the Facemash incident. "It is clear that the technology needed to create a centralized Website is readily available," the paper observed. "The benefits are many."[15] On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched The Facebook, originally located at thefacebook.com.[23] “Everyone’s been talking a lot about a universal face book within Harvard,” Zuckerberg told The Harvard Crimson. “I think it’s kind of silly that it would take the University a couple of years to get around to it. I can do it better than they can, and I can do it in a week.”[24] "When Mark finished the site, he told a couple of friends. And then one of them suggested putting it on the Kirkland House online mailing list, which was, like, three hundred people," according to roommate Dustin Moskovitz. "And, once they did that, several dozen people joined, and then they were telling people at the other houses. By the end of the night, we were, like, actively watching the registration process. Within twenty-four hours, we had somewhere between twelve hundred and fifteen hundred registrants."[25]

Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the service.[26] Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic artist), and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[27] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League and Boston area schools, and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[28] Facebook incorporated in the summer of 2004 and the entrepreneur Sean Parker, who had been informally advising Zuckerberg, became the company's president.[29] In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[27] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[30]

Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step.[31] At that time, high school networks required an invitation to join.[32] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[33] Facebook was then opened on September 26, 2006 to everyone of ages 13 and older with a valid e-mail address.[34][35] In October 2008, Facebook announced that it was to set up its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland.[36]
Financials
Entrance to Facebook's current headquarters in the Stanford Research Park, Palo Alto, California
Another view of Facebook's current headquarters

Facebook received its first investment of US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[37] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more from Greylock Partners.[37][38] A leaked cash flow statement showed that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[39]

With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[40] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company, and denied rumors to the contrary.[41] On March 28, 2006, BusinessWeek reported that a potential acquisition of Facebook was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[42]

In September 2006, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of Facebook, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[43] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[44]

On July 17, 2007, Zuckerberg said that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, saying "We're not really looking to sell the company... We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[45]

In September 2007, Microsoft approached Facebook, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company, offering an estimated $300–500 million.[46] That month, other companies, including Google, expressed interest in buying a portion of Facebook.[47]

On October 24, 2007 Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion.[48] However, Microsoft bought preferred stock that carried special rights, such as "liquidation preferences" that meant Microsoft would get paid before common stockholders if the company is sold. Microsoft's purchase also included rights to place international ads on Facebook.[49]

In November 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[50]

In August 2008, BusinessWeek reported that private sales by employees, as well as purchases by venture capital firms, had and were being done at share prices that put the company's total valuation at between $3.75 billion and $5 billion.[49]

In October 2008, Zuckerberg said "I don't think social networks can be monetized in the same way that search did... In three years from now we have to figure out what the optimum model is. But that is not our primary focus today."[51]

In August 2009 Facebook acquired social media real-time news aggregator FriendFeed,[52] a startup created by the former Google employee and Gmail's first engineer Paul Buchheit who, while at Google, coined the phrase "Don't be evil".[53][54][55]

In September 2009, Facebook claimed that it had turned cash flow positive for the first time.[56]
Website
Facebook's homepage features a login form on the top right for existing users and a registration form directly underneath for new visitors.

Users can join and create up to 200 groups according to their interests or areas of expertise.[57] It will appear in the search results of Facebook if the group is on public.[58] Users can choose fan pages according to their interests to connect and interact with other strangers.[59] Users can set their profiles on private so as to prevent acquaintances from contacting them. Users can also set their profiles on public.[60] This allows close friends to send messages and add the user as a friend. It lets users update their personal profiles to notify their close friends about themselves. They can also join networks organized by city, workplace, school, and region to connect and interact with their close friends.[61] Public profiles also allow any stranger or acquaintance to contact the user which results in lack of privacy. Public profiles can be blocked by any user but private profiles cannot.

The website is free to users and generates revenue from advertising including banner ads.[62] Users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends.[63] By default, the viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network and "reasonable community limitations".[64]

Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising,[65] and as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory. According to comScore, an internet marketing research company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft, but considerably less than Yahoo!.[66]
Interface evolution

aristoteles

ristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. He was the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics.

Aristotle's views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship, and their influence extended well into the Renaissance, although they were ultimately replaced by Newtonian physics. In the biological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the nineteenth century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late nineteenth century into modern formal logic. In metaphysics, Aristotelianism had a profound influence on philosophical and theological thinking in the Islamic and Jewish traditions in the Middle Ages, and it continues to influence Christian theology, especially Eastern Orthodox theology, and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics. All aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the object of active academic study today. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues (Cicero described his literary style as "a river of gold"),[1] it is thought that the majority of his writings are now lost and only about one-third of the original works have survived.[2]

taylor swift

Taylor Swift
Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Langsung ke: navigasi, cari
Taylor Swift

Taylor Alison Swift (lahir 13 Desember 1989; umur 19 tahun) adalah seorang penyanyi berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat. Dia merilis lagu pertamanya yang berjudul Tim McGraw. Dilahirkan di Wyomissing, Pennsylvania. Dia berkarir di dunia musik sejak tahun 2006.

Melalui Billboard, Swift adalah figur artis pada tahun 2007-2008-2009 dengan penjualan album terbaik, terbesar, terlaris, dan tercepat. kedua albumnya, Taylor Swift dan Fearless, mendapatkan masing-masing sertifikat 5x Platinum di US, mengalahkan sederet artis-artis lainnya, sebut saja Alicia Keys atau Mariah Carey. Taylor Swift adalah album pertamanya yang berhasil mendapatkan sertifikat multi-platinum di US, namun hanya berhasil mencapai posisi 5 di tangga Billboard 200. Namun, album ini berhasil (secara fantastis) merajai tangga Billboard Country Album selama 40 minggu tidak berurutan, dari 2006-2007-2008. Album keduanya, Fearless berhasil merajai tangga Billboard 200 selama 12 minggu, dimana itu adalah minggu terlama untuk seorang artis pada dekade 2000-an, dan hanya disaingi oleh Santana dengan albumnya Supernatural yang menduduki posisi puncak selama 10 minggu. Fearless pun berhasil (secara fantastis lagi) merajai tangga Billboard Country Album selama 26 minggu, termasuk minggu ini.

Perilisan Platinum Edition dari album keduanya, Fearless, membuat album tersebut angka penjualannya kembali meroket, dan membuat Swift kembali mendapatkan 3 rekor sekaligus di Billboard, yaitu "Most-Breakthrough-Albums" yaitu album pertama yang berhasil kembali ke posisi 1 di Billboard 200 setelah kurang lebih 10 bulan, "Female Artist of Decade" yaitu karena ia berhasil memasukkan 9 singel sekaligus kedalam Billboard Hot 100 hanya berdasarkan download, mematahkan rekornya sendiri sebelumnya yang ia pegang bersama Miley Cyrus, yaitu 7. Dan juga "Most Top 40 Hits of Decade", mengalahkan superstar Beyonce. Sebelumnya, Swift hanya mempunyai koleksi 13 lagu di Top 40, namun seminggu setelah perilisan Fearless - Platinum Edition, Swift langsung mempunyai 19 lagu di Top 40, dimana keenam lagu baru di album tersebut semuanya langsung menjadi hits, dan otomatis, ia langsung mengalahkan Beyonce dengan 18 hitsnya. Prestasi-prestasi ini, tidak ada yang pernah mendapatkannya di album-album awal seperti Swift, tidak ada satupun.

Lagu-lagunya pun menjadi hits, 6 dari lagunya berhasil merajai tangga Billboard Hot Country Songs, yaitu "Teardrops On My Guitar", "Our Song", "Picture To Burn", "Should've Said No", "Love Story", dan "You Belong With Me". Minggu kemarin, selepas perilisan Fearless - Platinum Edition, Swift kembali menambah koleksinya yaitu 6 singel tambahan di Top 40, membuatnya mempunyai Top 40 terbanyak yang tidak pernah diraih oleh artist lain. Selain itu, di Billboard Hot 100 pun Swift tidak ketinggalan, dari dua albumnya dia sudah mendapatkan 19 lagu di posisi Top 40. Seperti :

* Teardrops On My Guitar : #13
* Our Song : #16
* Picture To Burn : #29
* Should've Said No : #11
* Love Story : #4
* White Horse : #13
* Change : #9
* You Belong With Me (re-released) : #12
* You Belong With Me : #2
* Crazier : #8
* Fearless : #9
* Jump Then Fall : #10
* Untouchable : #19
* Forever & Always : #34
* Change : #17

Dan juga, You Belong With Me adalah lagu Country tertinggi yang mendapatkan posisi di Hot 100, dimana sepuluh tahun sebelumnya hanya Faith Hill dengan lagunya "Breathe" yang mendapatkan posisi yang sama.

elmo

jalan kecitos

waktu kemaren gua kecitos sam putri terus gua kecitos naik taksi gua bawa uang cuma 150 rb -_- terus si putri kagak bawa uang lg akhirmya gua pinjemin kan tuh pas udah sampe citos bayar taksinya tuh 32 ribu mahal bgt terus pas ampe dicitos nukerin uang dulu abis nukerinuang langsung beli tiket pas beli tiket kan ngantri banget tuh eh tiba2 mamanya kirana sama kirana dateng marah2in gua sam putri gedek banget deh tapi gua kan sama putri ga bisa ngapa2in sumpah itu udah bikin malu banget gua ama putri diliatin orang banyak abis itu mamnya ama kirana pergi gua juga ga ngerti kenapa tiba2 mamanya adateng terus amrah2in gua ama putri shit abis!terus udah lah gua beli tiket new moon sama putri beli yang jam 15.00 hehe terus abis itu kita beli tiket 3,abis itu gua ama putri jalan jalan aja klematahari terus time zone terus muter2 dah nungguin arif dateng pas arif dateng langsung ke 21 lagi nonton new hehe NEWMOON SERUU BANGEET! gua pengen nonton lagi,eh pas udah nonton tiba2 ada gariihsan dega ngejemput arif ngajak si arif mau jalan2 kebintaro akhirnya gua ngambek ama arif terus marahin deh -_-- abis itu kan kebawah si chesya tlp gua terus minat ketemu terus udah gua ama putri ketemu sama chesya dimas adam kak andika kak aldio kak iman abis itu jalan2 lagi deh muter2 nyari tempat y7ang enak kata chesya hahahha pas itu gua baru nyadar uang gu kurang buat gua naik taksi gua cuma ada uang tuh 25 akhirnya gua minta uang ama dimas dikasih dah tuh 10 ribu lumayan haha terus gua ama putri pulang deh naik taksi lagi eh ternyata bayar taksinya itu 36 kurang 1000 untung aja tukang tkasinya baik banget katanya ga usah bayar ters gua ama putri makasih gitu deh ehhe abis itu gua ama putri nyampe rumahnya langsung naik mobel mau beli mie buat makan gua ama dia soalnya pas dicitos kan gua ga makan ama putri -_-- abis itu kita ke viena terus pulanhg nya langsung bikin mie mantap! ahhahah abis itu monick dateng ngajakin main ya udah kita jalan2 naik motor terus ke rumah nya ucok sama andra main2 aja udah deh akhirya gua dijemput ampe rumah gua langsung tepar!

about lady gaga

Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (lahir 28 Maret 1986; umur 23 tahun; lebih dikenal dengan nama panggungnya Lady Gaga) adalah seorang pemusik Amerika Serikat. Ia menulis lagu untuk Interscope Records, selain itu ia sendiri juga menyanyi. Mula-mulanya ia menyanyi di klub-klub di kota New York.

Lady Gaga terutama dikenal karena pakaiannya yang provokatif dan ekstravagan serta pengaruhnya yang besar terhadap artis-artis selebirits lainnya. Gaya musiknya diilhami oleh para rocker glam seperti David Bowie dan Queen serta penyanyi seperti Michael Jackson dan Madonna.

Lagu pertama dari albumnya yang berjudul "The Fame" (2008), berjudul "Just Dance" berhasil meraih peringkat pertama di Billboard Hot 100 selama 3 minggu, setelah dengan sangat lambat mendaki chart tersebut sampai akhirnya sampai diposisi puncak setelah 27 minggu atau 6 bulan setengah. Lagu keduanya, yang berjudul "Poker Face" juga berhasil menjadi posisi pertama di Billboard Hot 100 selama satu minggu. Lagu keduanya ini memiliki kesuksesan yang lebih tinggi dibanding lagu sebelumnya, dan mendapatkan posisi puncak di 25 negara didunia. Lagu keempatnya (lagu ketiga sengaja dilewatkan), yang bertitel "LoveGame" juga berhasil mendapatkan posisi #5 di Amerika, menjadikannya singel ketiga dari Lady GaGa yang mendapatkan posisi 5 besar. Lagu ketiga dan kelimanya, "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say" dan "Paparazzi" tidak dirilis secara resmi di Amerika, namun lagu ini tetap disukai disana. Kedua lagu ini juga mendapatkan posisi top 10 di negara-negara seperti Inggris atau Australia. Karir "Just Dance" dan "Poker Face" tersebut sekaligus menjadikannya penyanyi wanita kedua yang mempunyai dua lagu diposisi puncak Hot 100 dalam dua tahun terakhir, setelah Katy Perry dengan " I Kissed a Girl" dan "Hot N Cold".

hari pahlawan

Selasa, 10-November-2009; 12:01:27 WIB
Peringatan Hari Pahlawan Nasional
( 0 Komentar )
Oleh : Team Andriewongso.com

Save page as PDF

Hari ini, 64 tahun yang lalu, terjadi "Peristiwa 10 November". Peristiwa perang besar ini, terjadi di Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur.

Berikut latar belakangnya. Pada tanggal 15 September 1945, tentara Inggris mendarat di Jakarta dan pada tanggal 25 Oktober mereka mendarat di Surabaya. Tentara Inggris didatangkan ke Indonesia atas keputusan dan atas nama Sekutu, dengan tugas untuk melucuti tentara Jepang, membebaskan para tawanan yang ditahan Jepang, dan memulangkan tentara Jepang ke negerinya. Tetapi, di samping itu, tentara Inggris juga memeliki tujuan rahasia untuk mengembalikan Indonesia kepada pemerintah Belanda sebagai jajahannya.

Berbagai perkembangan yang terjadi telah menunjukkan hal itu dan meledakkan kemarahan rakyat Indonesia di berbagai daerah. Hal ini menyulut berkobarnya bentrokan-bentrokan bersenjata antara pasukan Inggris dengan beraneka-ragam badan perjuangan yang dibentuk oleh rakyat. Puncaknya adalah terbunuhnya Brigadir Jenderal Mallaby, pimpinan tentara Inggris untuk Jawa Timur, pada tanggal 30 Oktober.

Karena terbunuhnya Brigadir Jenderal Mallaby itu, maka penggantinya (Mayor Jenderal Mansergh) mengeluarkan sebuah ultimatum. Dalam ultimatum itu disebutkan bahwa semua pimpinan dan orang Indonesia yang bersenjata harus melapor dan meletakkan senjatanya di tempat yang ditentukan dan menyerahkan diri dengan mengangkat tangan di atas. Batas ultimatum adalah jam 6 pagi tanggal 10 November 1945.

Ultimatum tersebut ditolak oleh Indonesia. Alasannya, antara lain, Republik Indonesia sudah berdiri, dan Tentara Keamanan Rakyat sebagai alat negara juga telah dibentuk.

Maka, pada tanggal 10 November (pagi), tentara Inggris mulai melancarkan serangan besar-besaran, dengan mengerahkan sekitar 30 000 serdadu, 50 pesawat terbang dan sejumlah kapal perang. Ribuan penduduk menjadi korban, banyak yang gugur dan luka-luka. Tetapi, perlawanan para pejuang tetap berkobar di seluruh kota, dengan bantuan yang aktif dari penduduk. Pihak Inggris salah menduga bahwa Kota Surabaya bisa direbut dalam waktu tiga hari saja, salah. Mereka perlu waktu sampai sebulan!

"Peristiwa 10 November", pada kemudian hari, diperingati sebagai Hari Pahlawan Nasional. Bukan hanya untuk mengenang begitu banyaknya pahlawan yang gugur, atau lamanya pertempuran dan besarnya kekuatan lawan.

Bung Tomo

Namun, juga untuk mengingatkan kita pada peran dan pengaruhnya, yang begitu besar pada jalannya revolusi. "Peristiwa 10 November" bisa menggerakkan rakyat untuk ikut serta, baik secara aktif maupun pasif, dalam perjuangan membela bangsa dan Tanah Air.

Pahlawan Kehidupan

Berkaitan dengan Hari Pahlawan Nasional, motivator kita Andrie Wongso mengatakan, "Jika kita mau menggali lebih dalam, kita terlahir untuk jadi pemenang. Selalu ada jiwa seorang patriot dalam diri setiap insan, yang akan menjadikan kita sebagai pahlawan.

Tentu, kita tak harus angkat senjata di medan laga untuk menjadi pahlawan sebenarnya. Melakukan berbagai hal positif dan memberi makna dalam kehidupan ini, bisa menjadi kita seorang pahlawan.

nyokap ngeselin

hari ini sumpah nyokap gua ngeselin banget padahal kan malem takbiran terus kan gua pengen main sam temen temen gue aha malah kagak boleh huhu pake marah marah lagi ke gua ngeselin abis,gua tadi main cuma ampe jam 7 dong sebentar banget kan eh sekarang gua malah buat blog haha abis dari pada gua kagak ada kerjaan lain ye gak hahaha gua rada males besok deh nyokap gua mau pergi kejogja terus ke surabaya(pergi mulu nih bocah haha )giliran pergi gua ga dibeliin apa2 padahal kan pengen baju dll maunya hahha -,-- udah ah males ngeblog nanti lagi tangan gua udah pegel ngetik haha

up dan ub

males banget deh bentar lagi udah mau up aja keanya abru kemaren deh gua up sama ub sekarang udah mau up sama ub lagi coba aja ya da sekolah gitu yang ga ada ulangan nya pasti enak banget,sebenernya sekolah enaknya tuh cuma ketemu temen temen doang bukan belajar nya hahha paling males kalo udah belajar ngebosenin banget huhu

nilai jelek

waktu jumat 2 minggu yang lalu gue sama kirana putri dll kabur kecitos,kita kecitos naik mobilnya arif haha,begitu sampe disana gua baru inget kalo gua lupa bilang kenyokap gua kalo mau pulang sore pas dicitos gua ketakuan soalnya pasti ampe rumah gua dimarahin abis abisan -,-- ya udah akhirnya gua pasrah aja haha,sampe disana kita langsung ke 21 disana kita cuma numpang nonton doang abis nonton kita langsung pulang
dijalan tiba2 nyokap gua tlp gua terus gua matiin aja abis takut hahaha terus pas sampe rumah putri gua main sebentar dulu abis itu gua baru pulang eh pas sampe rumah ternyata ga ada nyokap bokap gua dirumah jadinya bebas deh ga dimarahin tapi abis itu nyokap gua langsung bilang ga boleh main lagi
besoknya hari selasa nyokap gua dateng kesekolah buat ngambil rapot pas nyokap gua ambil rapot ternyata rapot gua ancur banget nilainya pas pasan semua begitu mau pulang nyokap gua nungguin gua disekolah pas mau pulang kan si putri ikut sekalian diantertin pas dijalannya mnyokap gua ceramahin gua kayanya ga boleh jalan lagi ga boleh main lagi,nilainya harus bagus pas ujian blok 2 gua sih cuma bilang ya ya ya hahhaha
abis gua nganterin putri langsung pulang sampe rumah gua diceramahin lagi ga puas puas nyokap gua marahin gua,akhirnya gua masuk kamar terus ngunci pintu dah ahaha (ngambek ceritanya) hahaha besokanya pagi pagi baru bangun nyokap gua langsung nanya pulang jam berapa jangan main dulu langsung pulang diomel omelin gitu deh bete abis sumapah
terus akhinya gua cuma bilang iya ma nanti anti langsung pulang,pas udah pulang sekolah nyokap gua tlp2 gua tapi ga gua angkat ternyata gua dijemput bokap,abis itu nyokap gua tlp ade gua udah marah2 gitu gara2 ga pulang padahal ua lagi jalan2 sama bokap gua eh nyokap gua langsung melas deh hahaha malu abis dikira gua main lagi hahaha udah deh tamat hahaha